📘 Chapter 13 – Why Do We Fall Ill

📘 Chapter 13 – Why Do We Fall Ill

🧠 Easy and Detailed Notes

🔹 1. Health and Disease

  • Health = State of physical, mental & social well-being.
  • Disease = Any disturbance in normal functioning of body.
  • Disease ≠ Only feeling unwell. It also affects work efficiency.

🔹 2. Types of Diseases

TypeDurationExample
AcuteShort timeCold, cough
ChronicLong timeTB, diabetes

🔹 3. Causes of Disease

Immediate Cause – Organism or agent causing the disease.
Contributory Cause – Poor nutrition, hygiene, poverty, etc.

🔹 4. Infectious vs Non-Infectious

InfectiousNon-Infectious
Caused by microbesNot caused by microbes
Spread from person to personNot communicable
Example: Flu, TBExample: Diabetes, Cancer

🔹 5. Infectious Agents

AgentDisease
VirusAIDS, Flu
BacteriaTB, Cholera
ProtozoaMalaria
FungiRingworm
WormsAscariasis

🔹 6. Means of Spread

  • Air – Common cold, TB
  • Water – Cholera, Hepatitis
  • Sexual contact – AIDS
  • Vectors – Malaria (Mosquito)

🔹 7. Organ-specific Manifestations

Different microbes target different organs:

  • Lungs: TB
  • Liver: Jaundice
  • Brain: Meningitis

🔹 8. Principles of Treatment

  • Kill microbe using medicines (antibiotics, antivirals)
  • Reduce symptoms
  • Complete bed rest

🔹 9. Principles of Prevention

  • Public hygiene
  • Immunization (vaccines)
  • Awareness

Displays more block tools

✅ MCQs

  1. Health is:
    a) Absence of disease
    b) Feeling happy
    c) Complete well-being
    d) Sleeping properly
  2. Cold is an example of:
    a) Chronic disease
    b) Acute disease
    c) Non-infectious disease
    d) Cancer
  3. TB is caused by:
    a) Virus
    b) Bacteria
    c) Fungi
    d) Protozoa
  4. AIDS spreads through:
    a) Air
    b) Water
    c) Sexual contact
    d) Food
  5. Ringworm is caused by:
    a) Bacteria
    b) Fungi
    c) Worms
    d) Protozoa
  6. Which one is non-infectious?
    a) Flu
    b) TB
    c) Cancer
    d) Malaria
  7. Malaria is caused by:
    a) Bacteria
    b) Virus
    c) Protozoa
    d) Fungi
  8. The mosquito is a:
    a) Host
    b) Vector
    c) Bacteria
    d) Worm
  9. Chronic disease:
    a) Happens quickly
    b) Lasts short
    c) Lasts long
    d) Caused by cold
  10. Which is a viral disease?
    a) TB
    b) Malaria
    c) AIDS
    d) Ringworm
  11. Cholera spreads through:
    a) Air
    b) Insects
    c) Contaminated water
    d) Skin contact
  12. Which organ does jaundice affect?
    a) Lungs
    b) Liver
    c) Heart
    d) Brain
  13. Vaccine gives:
    a) Treatment
    b) Immunity
    c) Energy
    d) Pain relief
  14. Which is a worm disease?
    a) Malaria
    b) AIDS
    c) Ascariasis
    d) TB
  15. Prevention is better than:
    a) Health
    b) Safety
    c) Treatment
    d) Medicine

✅ Assertion & Reason

A: TB is an infectious disease.
R: It spreads through air.
a) A and R true, R explains A
b) A and R true, R doesn’t explain A
c) A true, R false
d) A false, R true

A: Cancer is non-infectious.
R: It spreads from one person to another.
a) A and R true, R explains A
b) A and R true, R doesn’t explain A
c) A true, R false
d) A false, R true

A: AIDS can spread by hugging.
R: It spreads through saliva.
a) A and R true
b) Both false
c) A true, R false
d) A false, R true

A: Antibiotics can treat viral infections.
R: They kill bacteria.
a) A and R true
b) A false, R true
c) A and R false
d) A true, R false

A: Vaccines help prevent diseases.
R: They help build immunity.
a) A and R true, R explains A
b) A and R true, R doesn’t explain A
c) A true, R false
d) A false, R true

✅ Case-Based Study

📘 Passage:
Ravi got high fever, chills, and vomiting. The doctor suspected malaria. A blood test showed the presence of Plasmodium. The doctor also advised to remove stagnant water near home.

  1. What disease is Ravi suffering from?
    a) TB
    b) Dengue
    c) Malaria
    d) Cholera
  2. What is the causative agent?
    a) Bacteria
    b) Virus
    c) Protozoa
    d) Fungi
  3. What spreads malaria?
    a) Air
    b) Water
    c) Mosquito
    d) Food
  4. Why remove stagnant water?
    a) To kill bacteria
    b) To stop mosquito breeding
    c) To reduce fever
    d) To clean area
  5. Which medicine is used for malaria?
    a) Antibiotics
    b) Antivirals
    c) Antiprotozoal
    d) Antifungal

✅ Reason-Based Questions

  1. Why do we fall ill?
    Because our body functions get disturbed by infections or deficiency.
  2. Why is good hygiene important?
    It prevents infectious diseases.
  3. Why are vaccines important?
    They provide immunity before infection occurs.
  4. Why is AIDS dangerous?
    Because it weakens body’s immunity.
  5. Why does TB spread easily?
    It spreads through air when infected person coughs/sneezes.
  6. Why is malaria called vector-borne?
    Because it spreads through mosquitoes (vectors).
  7. Why can’t antibiotics treat viruses?
    Because viruses don’t have structures targeted by antibiotics.
  8. Why is cancer non-infectious?
    Because it doesn’t spread from person to person.
  9. Why do we take complete rest during illness?
    To conserve energy for healing.
  10. Why do chronic diseases affect work?
    Because they last long and weaken the body.
  11. Why does cold recover quickly?
    Because it’s an acute and self-limiting disease.
  12. Why does poor nutrition cause disease?
    It weakens immunity.
  13. Why is public health important?
    Because infectious diseases spread easily in community.
  14. Why do antibiotics not work on malaria?
    Because it’s caused by protozoa, not bacteria.
  15. Why do we disinfect water?
    To kill microbes and prevent waterborne diseases.

✅ Final Answer Key

MCQs:
1–c, 2–b, 3–b, 4–c, 5–b, 6–c, 7–c, 8–b, 9–c, 10–c, 11–c, 12–b, 13–b, 14–c, 15–c

Assertion & Reason:
16–a, 17–c, 18–b, 19–b, 20–a

Case-Based:
21–c, 22–c, 23–c, 24–b, 25–c

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